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Lots of good advice here. I'd also add that you shouldn't aim to do it perfect on the first go, kind of sneak up on it as it were. Nut slots are the hardest and most important, but if the depths are right and the strings don't binde (add some pencil lead/graphite as lube), the rest is simple mechanical adjustments for a basic setup. Do the adjustments and play a few days, then see if you can tweak it some more.
If the frets prove to be level and reasonably crowned, you can mask the fingerboard with tape and polish them with duraglit, brasso or your metal polish of choice. that polished feel is quite nice and makes playing easier.
Also only try to set the intonation/string length with brand new strings, anything else will have you tearing your hair out chasing the ellusive correct pitch on your tuner.
It's worth developing the skill if you are likely to own a series of guitars over your playing career, otherwise pay a one off fee to a pro and tell them exactly what you like.
Nil Satis Nisi Optimum
Can get expensive.
I think I've adjusted 3 truss rods over the last year or so. If I'd taken that for a pro set up each time at London prices, it would have cost me a significant chunk of money.
It does depend how many guitars you have. If you only have one, then getting it set up every now and again won't cost a fortune. If you have lots, then you need to learn to do it yourself. Having said that, the first time I adjusted the truss rod on a CS Fender with body end adjustment was a bit nerve racking.
Nuts are the most difficult, and decent nut files are very expensive. I can understand taking those to a pro, but adjusting truss rods and bridges is not difficult.
Actually just checked and the one I gave is called The Guitar Player Repair Guide - might be the same thing under a slightly different name? I found it really useful to get an understanding of what the various parts do and how they can be adjusted. Worth having and reading even if you then take it to a tech in the end.
I only did a simple set-up on mine and my daughter's guitars and quite enjoyed it and got decent results. Am sure they can be tweaked more but its ok for us right now.
I also bought a few tools - like radius gauges, string action ruler etc. quite cheap off Ebay.
As others have said, take your time and go slowly.
Nut cutting is probably the most difficult part of a home setup and requires special (expensive) tools but it's necessary most of the time for a proper setup.
My jagstang was bad until i had a full setup done professionally, similar thing with my midtown as well.
There is an overlap between set-up (making adjustments) and more involved tasks such as nut slotting, fret heights and profiles. This is where the skills of an experienced guitar tech win out.
I was so annoyed at this that I forked out for proper gauged nut files and thought I'd try to learn how to cut the nuts properly but I found it to be quite difficult to do very well. I think one would really need to work in a shop to get enough experience to perfectly cut a nut every time so for my most recent guitar I just put it in to get a new nut installed rather than bothering with filing the existing one. May well sell the files.
I just took it slowly taking measurements with a feeler gauge and made sure there was no dust in the slots before dropping the strings back in.
It turns out the neck curves at the 9th fret instead of the 7th. A light fret work fixed the problem and restored the worn frets. The action is perfect and the guitar plays like new.
So I suggest try what you can with the help of a dan erlewine book and YouTube videos and then take it to the tech. Advice already suggested and confirmed by my experience.
I'm handy but Feline did my US Strat with a fret level, lovely job.
Although I've adjusted truss rods previously my Classic Strat has the adjustment at the butt end and I'm not taking the neck off!
Still a pest compared to adjustment at the headstock though, wish my bass had the latter.
As @thegummy said, you don't have to take the neck completely off.
It's a bit nerve wracking when you first do it, but I've done it on 3 or 4 different instruments now without breaking anything.
That's _the_ best book for learning how to do set ups. The only book you'll ever need!