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Dorian and Phrygian are where the meat is. Now start exploring mixolydian and Lydian, they are far more interesting.......but that's just imo lol
I can do this if people are particularly interested but if you look at the The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians you can get a pretty good overview.
In short you have the modes of the major scale, which are also called Church modes.
They came from the Church, specifically for use in Gregorian chant in around 600AD.
Before that the Greeks came up with tonos, which are somewhat related, comprising of Mixolydian, Lydian, Phrygian, Dorian, Hypolydian, Hypophrygian & Locrian. These Greek scales had different starting notes to modern modes but were roughly approximate to the usage we have today.
Western classical music uses the Major scale and the Minor scale, which the rest of us call the Harmonic Minor.
When you use the Melodic Minor scale in Classical music you descend with the Natural Minor, which has a flattened 6th and 7th.
That doesn't mean you are descending with the Aeolian mode, because you aren't really using modes in this instance, even though you are using the same notes.
Essentially just accept that the Aeolian and the Natural Minor are the same, and that the Ionian and Major scale are the same.
*Edit: fleshed it out a bit more.
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Profound.....I don't know how I even wrote that....
Studio: https://www.voltperoctave.com
Music: https://www.euclideancircuits.com
Me: https://www.jamesrichmond.com
Incidentally a lot of English folk melodies are Aeolian, so it's probably useful if you ever want to get involved in traditional music.
Call them "Jazz notes" and you cannot possibly be playing a wrong note.
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At least, that's how my fuddled memory recalls it.
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If a minor piece has a major IV chord or a minor (not diminished) ii chord, then it's automatically Dorian (this is relatively common), and if it has a lowered II note or chord, or a minor vii chord, then it's Phrygian (this is relatively rare). Of course, even where a piece is written in Aeolian, that doesn't stop you noodling with Dorian or indeed Phrygian tunes if you wish - you can do whatever you like! - but you'll be 'deviating' from the actual key of the song in many cases. If you were to transcribe your solo you'd be having to write accidentals all over the 6ths or 2nds.
If a minor piece has a major V chord, then it's calling on the harmonic minor or melodic minor (ascending) structure, but even these were originally merely temporary deviations from Aeolian to make the V-I cadence work better, and that still stands in most cases today. If you noodle in harmonic minor or melodic minor (ascending), you'll probably find that you're often doing it on the V chord (see Yngwie, Vivaldi, Bach) - in other words you'll be making the V a major chord, which sounds more comfortable than a minor v chord. But the piece is very often otherwise written in natural minor.
Then as Octa says, there are plenty more exotic scales to try.
Supportact said: [my style is] probably more an accumulation of limitations and bad habits than a 'style'.
Supportact said: [my style is] probably more an accumulation of limitations and bad habits than a 'style'.