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http://www.guitar-chords.org.uk/guitarscales/g-major-scale.html
- G Major Scale Notes: G A B C D E F#
- Scale Formula: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- Scale Intervals: W W H W W W H
G Major chord progressionhttp://www.guitar-chords.org.uk/chords-key-g.html
G (natural) minor scale
http://www.guitar-chords.org.uk/guitarscales/g-natural-minor-scale.html
- G Natural Minor Scale Notes: G, A, Bb, C, D, Eb, F
- Scale Formula: 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7
- Scale Intervals: W H W W H W W
G minor pentatonic scalehttp://www.guitar-chords.org.uk/guitarscales/g-minorpentatonic.html
[Edit: added]
G Blues scale
http://www.guitar-chords.org.uk/guitarscales/g-bluesscale.html
Also, (jazz) chord construction
http://www.jazzguitar.be/blog/jazz-guitar-chord-theory/
[Edit 2]
Blues Scale
http://www.howmusicworks.org/406/Scales-and-Melody/Blues-Scale
I think I understand your confusion as a theory novice myself.
My take is the F note is the seventh of the scale (the major seventh)
With F# you get the dominant seventh.
so G,B,D,F Major seventh
G,B,D, F# Dominant seventh
The dominant seventh is a kind of neutral note and can be played over both major and minor chords. So you can play F over G maj or G min and it won't sound like a bum note.
Edit : in this case the F is the dominant 7th as Dave points out.
Don't confuse the use of 'Dominant'. The 'Dominant' note in the Gmaj scale is D. When you harmonise the D you get D dominant 7 (R 3 5 b7, D F# A C). That formula is known as the Dominant 7th form of a chord. The leading note of the G scale (F#) is the 7th degree of the scale, F natural would be the flattened 7th or minor seventh as an interval calculated from the root G.
Seriously: If you value it, take/fetch it yourself